Exploration on quality certification scheme of healthy lighting in school classrooms

This paper introduces the current situation of school classroom lighting, combs the requirements of classroom lighting quality evaluation, focuses on the field detection of classroom lighting environment, puts forward the concept and evaluation requirements of classroom health lighting environment, and explores the scheme of school classroom lighting quality certification.

The World Health Organization Research Report shows that the myopia rate of Chinese adolescents is the highest in the world, myopia has become a serious problem affecting the national health quality. The investigation of relevant departments found that poor lighting environment is one of the main reasons for the students‘ vision loss. Therefore, it is very important and urgent to do a good job in the lighting reform of primary and secondary schools and provide students with a standard lighting environment for their study and life.

1、 The current situation of school classroom lighting

As early as the 1980s, Shanghai Institute of lighting and lighting has begun the research work of classroom lighting quality detection. From the initial blackboard illumination and uniformity, class table illumination and uniformity, two detection items are gradually increased, and now, the completed classroom lighting field detection project is compared. With the increasing attention of the society to the protection of young people‘s vision, the idea of improving the lighting quality of classroom and the need for testing and verification has been accepted by the public. At present, some schools will invite professional testing institutions to carry out on-site inspection and test to check the quality of the lighting renovation project.

However, there are many standards involved in the inspection and acceptance of classroom lighting quality, and the evaluation standards are inconsistent; The lighting detection of classroom is only the basis for the renovation of classroom lighting engineering, and the detection can only reflect the lighting quality of the newly renovated classroom; Each time the classroom lighting engineering transformation acceptance only tests individual classroom samples, most of the classroom lighting conditions have not been tested; There are also many large, middle, primary schools, kindergartens in classrooms have never been lighting quality testing, especially in economically underdeveloped areas. Two years ago, a research center conducted a sample survey on the quality of light environment in nearly 200 primary and secondary schools in China, and the results showed that the qualified rate was less than 10%.

2、 Sorting out the requirements of lighting quality evaluation in classroom

How to get a good classroom lighting quality, the relevant testing and evaluation standards related to classroom lighting quality are: various building design standards, lamp detection standards and certification standards, classroom lighting detection standards, etc. Facing the various testing and evaluation standards of forest, we must sort out the requirements of classroom lighting quality evaluation, make the evaluation standards and indicators clear and intuitive, and improve the efficiency of the lighting quality detection in the classroom.

First, the lighting of classroom can be completed by qualified construction evaluation institutions for architectural design review and engineering acceptance.

Secondly, the safety quality of lamps selected for classroom lighting can be accepted with mandatory product certification certificate, lamp photometry test report, blue light hazard test report, lighting flicker test report or lamp performance voluntary product certification certificate. The lamp manufacturer shall promise that the quality of lamps provided is consistent with the sample quality of product certification type test and inspection test.

Finally, the quality evaluation of classroom lighting is focused on the field detection of classroom lighting environment. The detection items can collect advanced indicators of various lighting environment quality standards, form the assessment index of classroom health lighting environment, and accurately evaluate the quality level of classroom lighting environment.

Classroom health lighting environment refers to the classroom lighting environment which adopts safe and healthy classroom lighting lamps, which can make the lighting level of classroom meet the requirements of relevant standards continuously. The specific parameters of classroom lighting level include maintaining average illumination and illumination uniformity on the desk, maintaining average illumination and illumination uniformity of writing board, unified glare value, lighting power density, color temperature and color rendering index [5] [6], etc.

3、 On the scheme of lighting quality certification in school classroom

The poor lighting environment is one of the factors that affect the students‘ visual health and the comfortable and moderate use of eyes. Especially, the classroom reflection, glare, rainy days or winter light dim, etc., the unqualified education lighting environment needs to be improved, and the improvement of classroom lighting environment has been paid attention by all walks of life. Parents are concerned about whether the lighting environment is conducive to the students‘ vision and health. The school and competent departments hope to improve the lighting of the classroom, and obtain the certificate of qualification from the qualified certification and testing organization. Specific requirements: to prove that the lighting of each classroom in the school meets the requirements of the health lighting environment; It is proved that the quality of classroom lighting can meet the requirements of healthy lighting environment for a long time after the improvement of the quality.

If the lighting test is carried out in each classroom, the detection workload is large and the cost is high; If the quality of classroom lighting can meet the requirements for a long time, it is necessary to ensure the life and maintenance of the lighting lamps in the classroom, and also need to carry out tracking and testing. In order to meet the requirements of the above-mentioned compliance certification, we try to design a voluntary certification system, reduce the sample and workload of testing, improve the detection efficiency, expand the coverage of the certificate, and reduce the cost of testing or certification.

The fifth certification scheme of international common is proposed for voluntary certification of classroom health lighting environment [7]: initial detection + Inspection + Post certification supervision. Post certificate supervision includes: Supervision and inspection + inspection. The following discusses the control requirements and logic of each key link of the classroom health lighting environment certification.

1. division of series (certification unit)

The sample of classroom lighting detection is classroom. Generally, there are several types of classroom in a school. Each type of classroom has several or dozens of classrooms. The area, length, width and height of the same type of classroom are basically the same, the coating of inner wall and top surface and ground decoration are consistent. The same writing board, video equipment, lighting lamps, ceiling fans, cabinets and so on are installed in the same position. If each type of classroom is classified as a certification unit, a representative classroom is selected for lighting detection in the classroom of this type, and the area size, decoration, equipment and installation position of other classrooms are consistent with the classroom being inspected, The lighting detection results of the classroom can represent the lighting detection results of several or dozens of other classrooms of the same type. Without the need for lighting detection for each classroom of the same type, the conformity evaluation can be made for each classroom covered by the certification unit, which can greatly reduce the detection workload.

2. key parts control

Lighting lamps are very important to the lighting quality of classroom. Therefore, the optional lighting lamps shall provide at least mandatory product certification certificate and test report of parameters such as lamp distribution photometric measurement, blue light hazard, lighting flicker, or voluntary certification certificate of classroom lighting products. Moreover, the lamp manufacturer shall ensure the quality of lamps and certification type test provided The quality of samples submitted for inspection test is consistent. The model, specification, quantity and installation position of various lighting lamps installed in the same type classroom shall be identical.

3. initial test

To prove that the lighting of the classroom meets the health lighting environment, collect advanced indicators of various lighting environment quality standards, and issue the compliance test report by maintaining the average illumination and illumination uniformity on the desk, maintaining the average illumination and illumination uniformity of writing board, unified glare value, lighting power density, on-site color temperature and color rendering index.

4. initial inspection

Check the quality assurance ability of the lighting engineering (installation) Company in the classroom, check the post responsibilities, training and qualification of all kinds of personnel, check the design layout plan, check the evaluation and purchase acceptance control documents and implementation records of key parts suppliers, and check the installation, use and maintenance control requirements and implementation records of classroom lighting, Check the routine inspection regulations and inspection records after the installation of lamps.

Go to the school site to check other classrooms covered by the same series (certification unit), check the configuration and installation position of lamps and other equipment in the classroom, the consistency of indoor decoration, the installation firmness of lamps and lanterns, the installation height of ceiling fans, and evaluate the conformity.

5. issuing

The first inspection is qualified, the quality assurance ability of the company meets the requirements after the initial inspection Engineering (installation) company meets the requirements, or the quality assurance ability meets the requirements after taking corrective measures for the non-conforming items. After the verification by the certification authority, the voluntary certification certificate of the classroom health lighting environment is issued, and the certification mark of the classroom health lighting environment is marked in each teaching room, and the validity period is five years.

6. post certificate supervision

In order to prove that the lighting quality of classroom can meet the requirements of healthy lighting environment for a long time, the test report on reliability (luminous maintenance life) of lamps can be accepted and trusted. However, the more intuitive verification method is to use the method of certification supervision and inspection to supervise and inspect the quality assurance ability of the holder every year during the validity period of the certificate. Check the maintenance and maintenance records of classroom lighting lamps. If the lighting lamps need to be repaired or replaced, the lamps or parts of the same type and specification must be replaced; Check the self inspection (tracking inspection) record of classroom lighting; Go to the school site for classroom lighting supervision and inspection. In the school classroom covered by the certificate of health lighting environment of the same class, the lighting environment covered by the certificate shall be sampled according to the proportion of the certificate held by the holder, so as to avoid repeated sampling of the same classroom samples for inspection and evaluation.

7. validity of certificate

After the certificate of health lighting environment certification is issued, the holder or school shall maintain the lamps regularly. If any abnormality or damage is found, the holder or school shall timely repair or replace the lamps. The illuminance tracking inspection of reference points shall be done regularly to understand the lighting environment condition of the classroom in real time. Once the supervision and inspection finds that the maintenance of the lighting environment in the classroom is abnormal and the results of the classroom lighting supervision and inspection do not meet the requirements of the health lighting environment, the Licensee shall take corrective measures to rectify the situation. If the rectification cannot be completed within the specified period, the certification authority shall have the right to suspend or cancel the certification certificate, The holder shall be responsible for removing the certification mark of classroom health lighting environment pasted in the school classroom.

The validity period of the certificate of classroom health lighting environment is five years. If, according to the analysis of the annual monitoring and inspection data of classroom lighting, the attenuation of classroom lighting level is very small, and the certificate holder can apply for an extension of the validity period of the certificate.

4、 Responsibilities and benefits of all parties to the certification of classroom health lighting environment

The licensee must have the quality assurance ability specified in the implementation rules for the implementation of classroom health lighting environment certification, strictly implement the supplier evaluation and purchase acceptance system of key parts (lamps) to ensure the purchase of safe and high-quality lamps; According to the space size of the classroom and the light distribution curve of the lamps, the lamp layout scheme is designed and installed accurately. Routine inspection after the installation of the lamps is strictly implemented. The illuminance tracking inspection of reference points shall be done regularly, and the faulty lamps shall be replaced and repaired in time to ensure that the classroom lighting meets the classroom health lighting environment level within the validity period of the certificate. The business of the licensee extends from selling and installing lighting lamps to providing the school with a long-term service of healthy lighting environment in the classroom.

The school shall do a good job in the maintenance of lighting fixtures, timely report for repair in case of any failure, and make maintenance and repair record. Use lighting lamps correctly to provide students with healthy lighting environment in classroom.

The certification authority must strictly check and inspect the requirements, objectively evaluate the lighting quality level of the classroom completed by the construction and installation of the licensee, and issue the certificate of classroom health lighting environment to the licensee through on-site inspection of the certified classroom lighting, the quality assurance ability inspection of the certified party and the subsequent supervision and inspection + inspection, It is proved to the society that the lighting of the classroom installed in the construction meets the requirements of the classroom health lighting environment.

reference:

[1] GB 7000.1-2015, lamps - Part 1: General requirements and tests [s]

[2] Gb/t 9468-2008, general requirements for photometric measurement of luminaires distribution [s]

[3]IEC TR62778:2014,Application of IEC 62471 for the assessment of blue light hazard tolight sources and luminaires[S]

[4]IEEEStd 1789-2015,IEEE Recommended Practices for Modulating Current inHigh-Brightness LEDs for Mitigating Health Risks to Viewers[S].

[5] GB 50034-2013, design standard for building lighting [s]

[6] Gb/t 5700-2008, lighting measurement method [s]

[7] Gb/t 27067-2017, guidelines for qualification assessment product certification basis and product certification scheme [s]